John B. Goodenough, the scientist who shared the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his crucial role in developing the revolutionary lithium-ion battery, the rechargeable power pack that is ubiquitous in today’s wireless electronic devices and electric and hybrid vehicles, died on Sunday at an assisted living facility in Austin, Texas.
He made modern technology flourish with power backing of lithium-ion.
What is lithium-ion battery?
A lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is an advanced battery technology that uses lithium ions as a key component of its electrochemistry. During a discharge cycle, lithium atoms in the anode are ionized and separated from their electrons. The lithium ions move from the anode and pass through the electrolyte until they reach the cathode, where they recombine with their electrons and electrically neutralize.
The lithium ions are small enough to be able to move through a micro-permeable separator between the anode and cathode. In part because of lithium’s small size (third only to hydrogen and helium), Li-ion batteries are capable of having a very high voltage and charge storage per unit mass and unit volume.
Li-ion batteries can use a number of different materials as electrodes. The most common combination is that of lithium cobalt oxide (cathode) and graphite (anode), which is most commonly found in portable electronic devices such as cellphones and laptops.
Other cathode materials include lithium manganese oxide (used in hybrid electric and electric automobiles) and lithium iron phosphate. Li-ion batteries typically use ether (a class of organic compounds) as an electrolyte.
India and the situation of lithium:
The discovery of 5.9 million tonnes of lithium reserves in Reasi district of J&K for the first time in the country has brought J&K in the global limelight.
The Geological Survey of India on February 9 this year, for the first time, established lithium-inferred resources (G3) of 5.9 million tonnes in the Salal-Haimana area of Reasi.
Lithium is a non-ferrous metal and is one of the key components in electric vehicle batteries.
The GSI report on lithium emerged from field investigations from several years in Reasi.
As various countries are shifting from gasoline-fueled combustion engines due to high emissions detrimental to the environment, demand for lithium, nickel, and cobalt used in lithium-ion batteries is growing.
India is import-dependent for many minerals like lithium, nickel, and cobalt.
India imports most of its Nickel from China, Germany and United States and is the largest importer of Nickel in the World
The top 3 importers of Nickel are India with 373,523 shipments followed by United States with 250,011 and Vietnam at the 3rd spot with 229,226 shipments.
India and cobalt:
India imports most of its Cobalt metal from China, Germany and United Kingdom and is the 2nd largest importer of Cobalt metal in the World
Cobalt is found all over the world in countries such as in Australia, Canada, China, Cuba, South Africa, the United States and the Philippines. But 70% of the total supply comes from one country, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
Also, the world’s largest deposit of Cobalt is present in DRC(Democratic republic of Congo)
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Refrence:
Greater kashmir, BBC, Voiga, Govt of India.
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